Marked 2 5 3 – Easily Preview Your Markdown Documents

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Marked 2 5 3 – Easily Preview Your Markdown Documents

OverviewMarked 2 5 3 – Easily Preview Your Markdown Documents Electronically
Marked 2 5 3 – Easily Preview Your Markdown Documents Free
Marked 2 5 3 – Easily Preview Your Markdown Documents Automatically
Marked 2 5 3 – Easily Preview Your Markdown Documents Online
If your needs are greater use an external LaTeX renderer like CodeCogs. Create an equation with CodeCogs editor. Choose svg for rendering and HTML for the embed code. Svg renders well on resize. HTML allows LaTeX to be easily read when you are looking at the source. Copy the embed code from the bottom of the page and paste it into your markdown. As of version 2.5, Marked can convert Scrivener's internal link format into Markdown automatically. Links created using Scrivener tools instead of using Markdown syntax are still valid. However, this means that if Scrivener has auto-linked a url in your Markdown text, it will break any manually-formatted Markdown links.
AppStore QR-Code ‎Marked 2 - Markdown Preview Developer: Brett Terpstra Price: $13.99+ Marked 2 is a previewer (not an editor) for Markdown, MultiMarkdown and other text markup languages. It updates live every time you save your document in your favorite text editor, comes with writing analysis tools, and is. 3.7 Markdown document. In some cases, you might want to produce plain Markdown output from R Markdown (e.g., to create a document for a system that accepts Markdown input like Stack Overflow). To create a Markdown document from R Markdown, you specify the mddocument output format in the front-matter of your document:-title: 'Habits' author: John Doe date: March 22, 2005 output: mddocument.
Nearly all Markdown applications support the basic syntax outlined in John Gruber's original design document. There are minor variations and discrepancies between Markdown processors — those are noted inline wherever possible.
HeadingsTo create a heading, add number signs (#) in front of a word or phrase. The number of number signs you use should correspond to the heading level. For example, to create a heading level three (
), use three number signs (e.g., ### My Header).
MarkdownHTMLRendered Output
# Heading level 1Heading level 1
## Heading level 2Heading level 2Heading level 2
### Heading level 3Heading level 3Heading level 3
#### Heading level 4Heading level 4Heading level 4
##### Heading level 5 Heading level 5  Heading level 5 
###### Heading level 6 Heading level 6  Heading level 6 
Alternate SyntaxAlternatively, on the line below the text, add any number of  characters for heading level 1 or -- characters for heading level 2.
MarkdownHTMLRendered Output
Heading level 1
Heading level 1
Heading level 2
---------------Heading level 2Heading level 2
Heading Best PracticesMarkdown applications don't agree on how to handle a missing space between the number signs (#) and the heading name. For compatibility, always put a space between the number signs and the heading name.
✅ Do this❌ Don't do this
 # Here's a Heading
 #Here's a Heading 
ParagraphsTo create paragraphs, use a blank line to separate one or more lines of text.
MarkdownHTMLRendered Output
 I really like using Markdown.
 I think I'll use it to format all of my documents from now on. I really like using Markdown.

I think I'll use it to format all of my documents from now on.
I really like using Markdown.
I think I'll use it to format all of my documents from now on.
Paragraph Best PracticesUnless the paragraph is in a list, don't indent paragraphs with spaces or tabs.
✅ Do this❌ Don't do this
 Don't put tabs or spaces in front of your paragraphs.
 Keep lines left-aligned like this.
 This can result in unexpected formatting problems.
 Don't add tabs or spaces in front of paragraphs. 
Line BreaksTo create a line break (
), end a line with two or more spaces, and then type return.
MarkdownHTMLRendered Output
 This is the first line. 
 And this is the second line. This is the first line.

 And this is the second line.
This is the first line.
 And this is the second line.
Line Break Best PracticesYou can use two or more spaces (commonly referred to as 'trailing whitespace') for line breaks in nearly every Markdown application, but it's controversial. It's hard to see trailing whitespace in an editor, and many people accidentally or intentionally put two spaces after every sentence. For this reason, you may want to use something other than trailing whitespace for line breaks. Fortunately, there is another option supported by nearly every Markdown application: the 
 HTML tag.
For compatibility, use trailing white space or the 
 HTML tag at the end of the line.
There are two other options I don't recommend using. CommonMark and a few other lightweight markup languages let you type a backslash () at the end of the line, but not all Markdown applications support this, so it isn't a great option from a compatibility perspective. And at least a couple lightweight markup languages don't require anything at the end of the line — just type return and they'll create a line break.
✅ Do this❌ Don't do this
 First line with two spaces after. 
 And the next line.
 First line with the HTML tag after.

 And the next line.
 First line with a backslash after.
 And the next line.
 First line with nothing after.
 And the next line.
EmphasisYou can add emphasis by making text bold or italic.
BoldTo bold text, add two asterisks or underscores before and after a word or phrase. To bold the middle of a word for emphasis, add two asterisks without spaces around the letters.
MarkdownHTMLRendered Output
I just love **bold text**.I just love bold text.I just love bold text.
I just love __bold text__.I just love bold text.I just love bold text.
Love**is**boldLoveisboldLoveisbold
Bold Best PracticesMarked 2 5 3 – Easily Preview Your Markdown Documents Electronicallyhttps://truerfile139.weebly.com/free-pokies-games-for-mobiles.html. Markdown applications don't agree on how to handle underscores in the middle of a word. For compatibility, use asterisks to bold the middle of a word for emphasis.
✅ Do this❌ Don't do this
 Love**is**bold  Love__is__bold 
ItalicTo italicize text, add one asterisk or underscore before and after a word or phrase. To italicize the middle of a word for emphasis, add one asterisk without spaces around the letters.
MarkdownHTMLRendered Output
Italicized text is the *cat's meow*.Italicized text is the cat's meow.Italicized text is the cat's meow.
Italicized text is the _cat's meow_.Italicized text is the cat's meow.Italicized text is the cat's meow.
A*cat*meowAcatmeowAcatmeow
Italic Best PracticesMarkdown applications don't agree on how to handle underscores in the middle of a word. For compatibility, use asterisks to italicize the middle of a word for emphasis.
✅ Do this❌ Don't do this
 A*cat*meow  A_cat_meow 
Bold and ItalicTo emphasize text with bold and italics at the same time, add three asterisks or underscores before and after a word or phrase. To bold and italicize the middle of a word for emphasis, add three asterisks without spaces around the letters.
MarkdownHTMLRendered Output
This text is ***really important***.This text is really important.This text is really important.
This text is ___really important___.This text is really important.This text is really important.
This text is __*really important*__.This text is really important.This text is really important.
This text is **_really important_**.This text is really important.This text is really important.
This is really***very***important text.This is reallyveryimportant text.This is reallyveryimportant text.
Bold and Italic Best PracticesMarkdown applications don't agree on how to handle underscores in the middle of a word. For compatibility, use asterisks to bold and italicize the middle of a word for emphasis.
✅ Do this❌ Don't do this
 This is really***very***important text.  This is really___very___important text. 
BlockquotesTo create a blockquote, add a > in front of a paragraph.
The rendered output looks like this:
Dorothy followed her through many of the beautiful rooms in her castle.
Blockquotes with Multiple ParagraphsBlockquotes can contain multiple paragraphs. Add a > on the blank lines between the paragraphs.
The rendered output looks like this:
Dorothy followed her through many of the beautiful rooms in her castle.
The Witch bade her clean the pots and kettles and sweep the floor and keep the fire fed with wood.
Nested BlockquotesBlockquotes can be nested. Add a >> in front of the paragraph you want to nest.
The rendered output looks like this:
Dorothy followed her through many of the beautiful rooms in her castle.
The Witch bade her clean the pots and kettles and sweep the floor and keep the fire fed with wood.
Blockquotes with Other ElementsBlockquotes can contain other Markdown formatted elements. Paperless 3 0 2 – digital documents manager. Not all elements can be used — you'll need to experiment to see which ones work.
The rendered output looks like this:
The quarterly results look great!Revenue was off the chart.
Profits were higher than ever.
Everything is going according to plan.
ListsYou can organize items into ordered and unordered lists.
Ordered ListsTo create an ordered list, add line items with numbers followed by periods. The numbers don't have to be in numerical order, but the list should start with the number one.
MarkdownHTMLRendered Output
 1. First item
 2. Second item
 3. Third item
 4. Fourth item  
First item

Second item

Third item

Fourth item

 First item
Second item
Third item
Fourth item
 1. First item
 1. Second item
 1. Third item
 1. Fourth item  
First item

Second item

Third item

Fourth item

 First item
Second item
Third item
Fourth item
 1. First item
 8. Second item
 3. Third item
 5. Fourth item  
First item

Second item

Third item

Fourth item

 First item
Second item
Third item
Fourth item
 1. First item
 2. Second item
 3. Third item
 1. Indented item
 2. Indented item
 4. Fourth item  
First item

Second item

Third item
 
Indented item

Indented item


 

Fourth item

 First item
Second item
Third item Indented item
Indented item
Fourth item
Ordered List Best PracticesCommonMark and a few other lightweight markup languages let you use a parenthesis ()) as a delimiter (e.g., 1) First item), but not all Markdown applications support this, so it isn't a great option from a compatibility perspective. For compatibility, use periods only.
✅ Do this❌ Don't do this
 1. First item
 2. Second item  1) First item
 2) Second item 
Unordered ListsTo create an unordered list, add dashes (-), asterisks (*), or plus signs (+) in front of line items. Indent one or more items to create a nested list.
MarkdownHTMLRendered Output
 - First item
 - Second item
 - Third item
 - Fourth item  
First item

Second item

Third item

Fourth item

 First item
Second item
Third item
Fourth item
 * First item
 * Second item
 * Third item
 * Fourth item  
First item

Second item

Third item

Fourth item

 First item
Second item
Third item
Fourth item
 + First item
 + Second item
 + Third item
 + Fourth item  
First item

Second item

Third item

Fourth item

 First item
Second item
Third item
Fourth item
 - First item
 - Second item
 - Third item
 - Indented item
 - Indented item
 - Fourth item  
First item

Second item

Third item
 
Indented item

Indented item


 

Fourth item

 First item
Second item
Third item Indented item
Indented item
Fourth item
Unordered List Best PracticesMarkdown applications don't agree on how to handle different delimiters in the same list. For compatibility, don't mix and match delimiters in the same list — pick one and stick with it.
✅ Do this❌ Don't do this
 - First item
 - Second item
 - Third item
 - Fourth item  + First item
 * Second item
 - Third item
 + Fourth item 
Adding Elements in ListsTo add another element in a list while preserving the continuity of the list, indent the element four spaces or one tab, as shown in the following examples.
ParagraphsThe rendered output looks like this:
This is the first list item.
Here's the second list item.
I need to add another paragraph below the second list item.
And here's the third list item.
BlockquotesThe rendered output looks like this:
This is the first list item.
Here's the second list item.
A blockquote would look great below the second list item.
And here's the third list item.
Code BlocksCode blocks are normally indented four spaces or one tab. When they're in a list, indent them eight spaces or two tabs.
The rendered output looks like this:
Open the file.
Find the following code block on line 21:
Update the title to match the name of your website.
ImagesThe rendered output looks like this:
Open the file containing the Linux mascot.
Marvel at its beauty.
Close the file.
ListsYou can nest an unordered list in an ordered list, or vice versa.
The rendered output looks like this:
First item
Second item
Third item Indented item
Indented item
Fourth item
CodeTo denote a word or phrase as code, enclose it in backticks (`).
MarkdownHTMLRendered Output
At the command prompt, type `nano`.At the command prompt, type nano. At the command prompt, type nano.
Escaping BackticksIf the word or phrase you want to denote as code includes one or more backticks, you can escape it by enclosing the word or phrase in double backticks (``).
MarkdownHTMLRendered Output
``Use `code` in your Markdown file.``Use `code` in your Markdown file.Use `code` in your Markdown file.
Code BlocksTo create code blocks, indent every line of the block by at least four spaces or one tab.
The rendered output looks like this:
Note: To create code blocks without indenting lines, use fenced code blocks.
Horizontal RulesTo create a horizontal rule, use three or more asterisks (***), dashes (---), or underscores (___) on a line by themselves.
The rendered output of all three looks identical:
Horizontal Rule Best PracticesFor compatibility, put blank lines before and after horizontal rules.
✅ Do this❌ Don't do this
 Try to put a blank line before.
 ---
 .and after a horizontal rule.  Without blank lines, this would be a heading.
 ---
 Don't do this! 
LinksTo create a link, enclose the link text in brackets (e.g., [Duck Duck Go]) and then follow it immediately with the URL in parentheses (e.g., (https://duckduckgo.com)).
The rendered output looks like this:
My favorite search engine is Duck Duck Go.
Adding TitlesYou can optionally add a title for a link. This will appear as a tooltip when the user hovers over the link. To add a title, enclose it in parentheses after the URL.
The rendered output looks like this:
My favorite search engine is Duck Duck Go.
URLs and Email AddressesTo quickly turn a URL or email address into a link, enclose it in angle brackets.
The rendered output looks like this:
https://www.markdownguide.org
fake@example.com
Formatting LinksTo emphasize links, add asterisks before and after the brackets and parentheses. To denote links as code, add backticks in the brackets.
The rendered output looks like this:
I love supporting the EFF.
This is the Markdown Guide.
See the section on code.
Reference-style LinksReference-style links are a special kind of link that make URLs easier to display and read in Markdown. Reference-style links are constructed in two parts: the part you keep inline with your text and the part you store somewhere else in the file to keep the text easy to read.
Formatting the First Part of the LinkThe first part of a reference-style link is formatted with two sets of brackets. The first set of brackets surrounds the text that should appear linked. The second set of brackets displays a label used to point to the link you're storing elsewhere in your document.
Although not required, you can include a space between the first and second set of brackets. The label in the second set of brackets is not case sensitive and can include letters, numbers, spaces, or punctuation.
This means the following example formats are roughly equivalent for the first part of the link:
[hobbit-hole][1]
[hobbit-hole] [1]
Formatting the Second Part of the LinkThe second part of a reference-style link is formatted with the following attributes:
The label, in brackets, followed immediately by a colon and at least one space (e.g., [label]: ).
The URL for the link, which you can optionally enclose in angle brackets.
The optional title for the link, which you can enclose in double quotes, single quotes, or parentheses.
This means the following example formats are all roughly equivalent for the second part of the link:

Markdown	HTML	Rendered Output
`# Heading level 1`	`Heading level 1`
`## Heading level 2`	`Heading level 2`	Heading level 2
`### Heading level 3`	`Heading level 3`	Heading level 3
`#### Heading level 4`	`Heading level 4`	Heading level 4
`##### Heading level 5`	`Heading level 5`	Heading level 5
`###### Heading level 6`	`Heading level 6`	Heading level 6

Markdown	HTML	Rendered Output
`Heading level 1`	`Heading level 1`
`Heading level 2 ---------------`	`Heading level 2`	Heading level 2

✅ Do this	❌ Don't do this
`# Here's a Heading`	`#Here's a Heading`

Markdown	HTML	Rendered Output
`I really like using Markdown. I think I'll use it to format all of my documents from now on.`	`I really like using Markdown. I think I'll use it to format all of my documents from now on.`	I really like using Markdown. I think I'll use it to format all of my documents from now on.

✅ Do this	❌ Don't do this
`Don't put tabs or spaces in front of your paragraphs. Keep lines left-aligned like this.`	`This can result in unexpected formatting problems. Don't add tabs or spaces in front of paragraphs.`

Markdown	HTML	Rendered Output
`This is the first line. And this is the second line.`	`This is the first line. And this is the second line.`	This is the first line. And this is the second line.

✅ Do this	❌ Don't do this
`First line with two spaces after. And the next line. First line with the HTML tag after. And the next line.`	`First line with a backslash after. And the next line. First line with nothing after. And the next line.`

Markdown	HTML	Rendered Output
`I just love bold text.`	`I just love bold text.`	I just love bold text.
`I just love __bold text__.`	`I just love bold text.`	I just love bold text.
`Loveisbold`	`Loveisbold`	Loveisbold

✅ Do this	❌ Don't do this
`Loveisbold`	`Love__is__bold`

Markdown	HTML	Rendered Output
`Italicized text is the cat's meow.`	`Italicized text is the cat's meow.`	Italicized text is the cat's meow.
`Italicized text is the _cat's meow_.`	`Italicized text is the cat's meow.`	Italicized text is the cat's meow.
`Acatmeow`	`Acatmeow`	Acatmeow

✅ Do this	❌ Don't do this
`Acatmeow`	`A_cat_meow`

Markdown	HTML	Rendered Output
`This text is *really important*.`	`This text is really important.`	This text is *really important*.
`This text is ___really important___.`	`This text is really important.`	This text is *really important*.
`This text is __really important__.`	`This text is really important.`	This text is *really important*.
`This text is _really important_.`	`This text is really important.`	This text is *really important*.
`This is really*very*important text.`	`This is reallyveryimportant text.`	This is reallyveryimportant text.

✅ Do this	❌ Don't do this
`This is really*very*important text.`	`This is really___very___important text.`

Markdown	HTML	Rendered Output
`1. First item 2. Second item 3. Third item 4. Fourth item`	`First item Second item Third item Fourth item`	First item Second item Third item Fourth item
`1. First item 1. Second item 1. Third item 1. Fourth item`	`First item Second item Third item Fourth item`	First item Second item Third item Fourth item
`1. First item 8. Second item 3. Third item 5. Fourth item`	`First item Second item Third item Fourth item`	First item Second item Third item Fourth item
`1. First item 2. Second item 3. Third item 1. Indented item 2. Indented item 4. Fourth item`	`First item Second item Third item Indented item Indented item Fourth item`	First item Second item Third item Indented item Indented item Fourth item

✅ Do this	❌ Don't do this
`1. First item 2. Second item`	`1) First item 2) Second item`

Markdown	HTML	Rendered Output
`- First item - Second item - Third item - Fourth item`	`First item Second item Third item Fourth item`	First item Second item Third item Fourth item
`* First item * Second item * Third item * Fourth item`	`First item Second item Third item Fourth item`	First item Second item Third item Fourth item
`+ First item + Second item + Third item + Fourth item`	`First item Second item Third item Fourth item`	First item Second item Third item Fourth item
`- First item - Second item - Third item - Indented item - Indented item - Fourth item`	`First item Second item Third item Indented item Indented item Fourth item`	First item Second item Third item Indented item Indented item Fourth item

✅ Do this	❌ Don't do this
`- First item - Second item - Third item - Fourth item`	`+ First item * Second item - Third item + Fourth item`

Markdown	HTML	Rendered Output
At the command prompt, type `nano`.	`At the command prompt, type nano.`	At the command prompt, type `nano`.

Markdown	HTML	Rendered Output
``Use `code` in your Markdown file.``	Use `code` in your Markdown file.	Use `code` in your Markdown file.

✅ Do this	❌ Don't do this
`Try to put a blank line before. --- .and after a horizontal rule.`	`Without blank lines, this would be a heading. --- Don't do this!`

Marked 2 5 3 – easily preview your markdown documents online

[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobbit#Lifestyle
[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobbit#Lifestyle 'Hobbit lifestyles'
[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobbit#Lifestyle 'Hobbit lifestyles'
[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hobbit#Lifestyle (Hobbit lifestyles)
[1]:  'Hobbit lifestyles'
[1]:  'Hobbit lifestyles'
[1]:  (Hobbit lifestyles)
You can place this second part of the link anywhere in your Markdown document. Some people place them immediately after the paragraph in which they appear while other people place them at the end of the document (like endnotes or footnotes).
An Example Putting the Parts TogetherSay you add a URL as a standard URL link to a paragraph and it looks like this in Markdown:
Though it may point to interesting additional information, the URL as displayed really doesn't add much to the existing raw text other than making it harder to read. To fix that, you could format the URL like this instead:
In both instances above, the rendered output would be identical:
In a hole in the ground there lived a hobbit. Not a nasty, dirty, wet hole, filled with the ends of worms and an oozy smell, nor yet a dry, bare, sandy hole with nothing in it to sit down on or to eat: it was a hobbit-hole, and that means comfort.
and the HTML for the link would be:
Link Best PracticesMarkdown applications don't agree on how to handle spaces in the middle of a URL. For compatibility, try to URL encode any spaces with %20.
✅ Do this❌ Don't do this
 [link](https://www.example.com/my%20great%20page)  [link](https://www.example.com/my great page) 
ImagesTo add an image, add an exclamation mark (!), followed by alt text in brackets, and the path or URL to the image asset in parentheses. You can optionally add a title after the URL in the parentheses.
The rendered output looks like this: File juicer 4 44 download free.
Linking ImagesTo add a link to an image, enclose the Markdown for the image in brackets, and then add the link in parentheses.
The rendered output looks like this:
Escaping CharactersTo display a literal character that would otherwise be used to format text in a Markdown document, add a backslash () in front of the character.
The rendered output looks like this:
* Without the backslash, this would be a bullet in an unordered list.
Characters You Can EscapeYou can use a backslash to escape the following characters.
CharacterName
backslash
`backtick (see also escaping backticks in code)
*asterisk
_underscore
{ }curly braces
[ ]brackets
( )parentheses
#pound sign
+plus sign
-minus sign (hyphen)
.dot
!exclamation mark
|pipe (see also escaping pipe in tables)
HTMLMany Markdown applications allow you to use HTML tags in Markdown-formatted text. This is helpful if you prefer certain HTML tags to Markdown syntax. For example, some people find it easier to use HTML tags for images. Using HTML is also helpful when you need to change the attributes of an element, like specifying the color of text or changing the width of an image.
To use HTML, place the tags in the text of your Markdown-formatted file.
The rendered output looks like this:
This word is bold. This word is italic.
HTML Best PracticesFor security reasons, not all Markdown applications support HTML in Markdown documents. When in doubt, check your Markdown application's documentation. Some applications support only a subset of HTML tags.
Use blank lines to separate block-level HTML elements like 
, , , and  from the surrounding content. Try not to indent the tags with tabs or spaces — that can interfere with the formatting.
You can't use Markdown syntax inside block-level HTML tags. For example, 
italic and **bold**
 won't work.
 Take your Markdown skills to the next level. Learn Markdown in 60 pages. Designed for both novices and experts, The Markdown Guide book is a comprehensive reference that has everything you need to get started and master Markdown syntax.
Get the Book Want to learn more Markdown?  Don't stop now! 😎 Star the GitHub repository and then enter your email address below to receive new Markdown tutorials via email. No spam!
Interactive documents are a new way to build Shiny apps. An interactive document is an R Markdown file that contains Shiny widgets and outputs. You write the report in markdown, and then launch it as an app with the click of a button.
This article will show you how to write an R Markdown report.
The companion article, Introduction to interactive documents, will show you how to turn an R Markdown report into an interactive document with Shiny components. https://disfulctidung1972.mystrikingly.com/blog/downie-safari.
R MarkdownR Markdown is a file format for making dynamic documents with R. An R Markdown document is written in markdown (an easy-to-write plain text format) and contains chunks of embedded R code, like the document below.
R Markdown files are designed to be used with the rmarkdown Free gambling games. package. rmarkdown comes installed with the RStudio IDE, but you can acquire your own copy of rmarkdown from CRAN with the command
R Markdown files are the source code for rich, reproducible documents. You can transform an R Markdown file in two ways.
knit - You can knit the file. The rmarkdown package will call the knitr package. knitr will run each chunk of R code in the document and append the results of the code to the document next to the code chunk. This workflow saves time and facilitates reproducible reports.
Consider how authors typically include graphs (or tables, or numbers) in a report. The author makes the graph, saves it as a file, and then copy and pastes it into the final report. This process relies on manual labor. If the data changes, the author must repeat the entire process to update the graph.
In the R Markdown paradigm, each report contains the code it needs to make its own graphs, tables, numbers, etc. The author can automatically update the report by re-knitting.
convert - You can convert the file. The rmarkdown package will use the pandoc program to transform the file into a new format. For example, you can convert your .Rmd file into an HTML, PDF, or Microsoft Word file. You can even turn the file into an HTML5 or PDF slideshow. rmarkdown will preserve the text, code results, and formatting contained in your original .Rmd file.
Conversion lets you do your original work in markdown, which is very easy to use. You can include R code to knit, and you can share your document in a variety of formats.
In practice, authors almost always knit and convert their documents at the same time. In this article, I will use the term render to refer to the two step process of knitting and converting an R Markdown file.
You can manually render an R Markdown file with rmarkdown::render(). This is what the above document looks like when rendered as a HTML file.
In practice, you do not need to call rmarkdown::render(). You can use a button in the RStudio IDE to render your reprt. R Markdown is heavily integrated into the RStudio IDE.
Getting startedTo create an R Markdown report, open a plain text file and save it with the extension .Rmd. You can open a plain text file in your scripts editor by clicking File > New File > Text File in the RStudio toolbar.
Be sure to save the file with the extension .Rmd. The RStudio IDE enables several helpful buttons when you save the file with the .Rmd extension. You can save your file by clicking File > Save in the RStudio toolbar.
R Markdown reports rely on three frameworks
markdown for formatted text
knitr for embedded R code
YAML for render parameters
Marked 2 5 3 – Easily Preview Your Markdown Documents FreeThe sections below describe each framework.
Markdown for formatted text.Rmd files are meant to contain text written in markdown. Markdown is a set of conventions for formatting plain text. You can use markdown to indicate
bold and italic text
lists
headers (e.g., section titles)
hyperlinks
and much more
The conventions of markdown are very unobtrusive, which make Markdown files easy to read. The file below uses several of the most useful markdown conventions.
The file demonstrates how to use markdown to indicate:
headers - Place one or more hashtags at the start of a line that will be a header (or sub-header). For example, # Say Hello to markdown. A single hashtag creates a first level header. Two hashtags, ##, creates a second level header, and so on.
italicized and bold text - Surround italicized text with asterisks, like this *without realizing it*. Surround bold text with two asterisks, like this **easy to use**.
lists - Group lines into bullet points that begin with asterisks. Leave a blank line before the first bullet, like this
hyperlinks - Surround links with brackets, and then provide the link target in parentheses, like this [Github](www.github.com).
You can learn about more of markdown's conventions in the Markdown Quick Reference guide, which comes with the RStudio IDE.
To access the guide, open a .md or .Rmd file in RStudio. Then click the question mark that appears at the top of the scripts pane. Next, select 'Markdown Quick Reference'. RStudio will open the Markdown Quick Reference guide in the Help pane.
RenderingTo transform your markdown file into an HTML, PDF, or Word document, click the 'Knit' icon that appears above your file in the scripts editor. A drop down menu will let you select the type of output that you want.
When you click the button, rmarkdown will duplicate your text in the new file format. rmarkdown will use the formatting instructions that you provided with markdown syntax.
Once the file is rendered, RStudio will show you a preview of the new output and save the output file in your working directory.
Here is how the markdown script above would look in each output format.
Note: RStudio does not build PDF and Word documents from scratch. You will need to have a distribution of Latex installed on your computer to make PDFs and Microsoft Word (or a similar program) installed to make Word files.
knitr for embedded R codeThe knitr package extends the basic markdown syntax to include chunks of executable R code.
When you render the report, knitr will run the code and add the results to the output file. You can have the output display just the code, just the results, or both.
To embed a chunk of R code into your report, surround the code with two lines that each contain three backticks. After the first set of backticks, include {r}, which alerts knitr that you have included a chunk of R code. The result will look like this
When you render your document, knitr will run the code and append the results to the code chunk. knitr will provide formatting and syntax highlighting to both the code and its results (where appropriate).
As a result, the markdown snippet above will look like this when rendered (to HTML). Complete heart 1 2.
To omit the results from your final report (and not run the code) add the argument eval = FALSE inside the brackets and after r. This will place a copy of your code into the report.
To omit the code from the final report (while including the results) add the argument echo = FALSE. This will place a copy of the results into your report.
echo = FALSE is very handy for adding plots to a report, since you usually do not want to see the code that generates the plot.
echo and eval are not the only arguments that you can use to customize code chunks. You can learn more about formatting the output of code chunks at the rmarkdown and knitr websites.
Inline codeTo embed R code in a line of text, surround the code with a pair of backticks and the letter r, like this.
Marked 2 5 3 – Easily Preview Your Markdown Documents Automaticallyknitr will replace the inline code with its result in your final document (inline code is always replaced by its result). The result will appear as if it were part of the original text. For example, the snippet above will appear like this:
YAML for render parametersYou can use a YAML header to control how rmarkdown renders your .Rmd file. A YAML header is a section of key: value pairs surrounded by --- marks, like below
The output: value determines what type of output to convert the file into when you call rmarkdown::render(). Note: you do not need to specify output: if you render your file with the RStudio IDE knit button.
output: recognizes the following values:
html_document, which will create HTML output (default)
pdf_document, which will create PDF output
word_document, which will create Word output
If you use the RStudio IDE knit button to render your file, the selection you make in the gui will override the output: setting.
SlideshowsYou can also use the output: value to render your document as a slideshow.
output: ioslides_presentation will create an ioslides (HTML5) slideshow
output: beamer_presentation will create a beamer (PDF) slideshow
Note: The knit button in the RStudio IDE will update to show slideshow options when you include one of the above output values and save your .Rmd file.
rmarkdown will convert your document into a slideshow by starting a new slide at each header or horizontal rule (e.g., ***).
Marked 2 5 3 – Easily Preview Your Markdown Documents OnlineVisit rmakdown.rstudio.com to learn about more YAML options that control the render process.
RecapR Markdown documents provide quick, reproducible reporting from R. You write your document in markdown and embed executable R code chunks with the knitr syntax.
You can update your document at any time by re-knitting the code chunks.
You can then convert your document into several common formats.
R Markdown documents implement Donald's Knuth's idea of literate programming and take the manual labor out of writing and maintaining reports. Moreover, they are quick to learn. You already know ecnough about markdown, knitr, and YAML to begin writing your own R Markdown reports.
In the next article, Introduction to interactive documents, you will learn how to add interactive Shiny components to an R Markdown report. This creates a quick workflow for writing light-weight Shiny apps.
To learn more about R Markdown and interactive documents, please visit rmarkdown.rstudio.com.

Character	Name
	backslash
`	backtick (see also escaping backticks in code)
*	asterisk
_	underscore
{ }	curly braces
[ ]	brackets
( )	parentheses
#	pound sign
+	plus sign
-	minus sign (hyphen)
.	dot
!	exclamation mark
\|	pipe (see also escaping pipe in tables)